Projekt CCRES AQUAPONICS

  

HRVATSKI CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE

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 Projekt

CCRES AQUAPONICS

Posljednje je desetlje?e akvakultura najbrže rastu?i sektor proizvodnje hrane, ve? je sad svaka tre?a riba koja se na?e na tanjuru uzgojena , manji su troškovi ulaganja, a ve?i je prinos ribe i morskih vrsta.

Uskoro bi zbog ekspanzije ?ovje?anstva, zbog kojeg se svakodnevno izlovljava sve više i više ribe za prehranu, moglo do?i i do nestašice te prehrambene namirnice, ali isto tako i zbog sustavnog zaga?enja mora kemijskim spojevima koji tako?er uništavaju riblju populaciju u prirodi. Zbog toga su mnoge zemlje morale pre?i na kontrolirani uzgoj u kojem je ve?i postotak preživljavanja ribe, bolja iskoristivost hrane te brži napredak ribe, te su razvile akvakulturu, uzgoj organizama u vodenoj sredini pod kontroliranim uvjetima.

Posljednje je desetlje?e akvakultura najbrže rastu?i sektor proizvodnje hrane. Naime, smatra se kako ?e ve? za desetak godina više od polovice prehrambenih proizvoda iz mora biti uzgojeno, a prema nekim podacima, ve? je sad svaka tre?a riba koja se na?e na tanjuru uzgojena. Naime, u akvakulturi su manji troškovi ulaganja, a ve?i prinos ribe i morskih vrsta.
U primjeni akvakulture poseban je svjetski ugled stekao Izrael, koji je uz veliku nestašicu vode upravo u pustinjskim podru?jima napravio velike uzgojne bazene. Izraelska se akvakultura intenzivno razvija te danas obuhva?a uzgoj razli?itih slatkovodnih i morskih vrsta.
Jedna od specifi?nosti izraelske primjene akvakulture su tzv. recirkulacijski sustavi, odnosno sustavi uzgoja akvati?nih organizama u recirkulacijskom protoku vode s minimalnim izmjenama i gubicima vode. Posebno prakti?na metoda u podru?jima udaljenim od izvora vode, osobito pustinjskim predjelima. Svaka se kap vode, naime, maksimalno iskoristi.

U Hrvatskoj akvakulturu najve?im dijelom ?ini uzgoj toplovodnih i hladnovodnih vrsta poput šarana i pastrve u kontinentalnim dijelovima zemlje te uzgoj orade, brancina i školjkaša u marikulturi. Hrvatska je izuzetno bogata vodenim resursima, ali zbog nedostatka tehnologije i slabe zainteresiranosti nije razvila ve?u proizvodnju. Naro?ito bi se u Hrvatskoj moglo poraditi na pove?anju uzgajališta pastrve prema na?elu dobre filtracije vode na farmama, ?ime bi se pove?ala i produktivnost rijeka. Isto tako zbog sve ve?eg zaga?enja morskog ekosustava za o?ekivati je u skoroj budu?nosti da ?e i Hrvatska marikultura morati iskoristiti tehnike recirkulacijskih sustava kako bismo umanjili štetne u?inke kaveznog uzgoja i prekomjeran izlov ribe te tako o?uvali prirodne ljepote našeg mora i biološku raznolikost.

Hrvatski Centar Obnovljivih Izvora Energije 

otišao je i korak dalje kroz 

projekt  

CCRES AQUAPONIC.

                                       Svo uzgojeno povr?e Projekta CCRES AQUAPONICS u sezoni 2011/2012

                                                              karitativno je  podjeljeno slabostoje?im hrvatskim obiteljima.

CCRES AQUAPONICS  je nastao u ljeto 2011.godine spajanjem tehnike recirkulacijskih sustava uzgoja riba i klasi?nog hydroponicsa.
Hydroponics je uzgoj biljaka kod kojeg se korjen biljke nalazi u vodi u kojoj su otopljene hranjive tvari i potrebni elementi za njen rast i dozrijevanje.Jedina mana hydroponicsu je ta da se u vodu ubacuju kemijske tvari potrebne za rast biljke.

                                     Ribe koje su korištene u Projektu CCRES AQUAPONICS u sezoni 2011/2012 su 

                                                             japanski KOI šarani, koje smatramo najboljima za proizvodnju.

                                                            

U CCRES AQUAPONICS-u intenzivna aquakultura integrirana je s intenzivnim stakleni?kih hydroponic sustavom uzgoja povr?a. Organske biljne sorte se uzgajaju u plitkim posudama kroz koje cirkulira voda iz bazena s ribama prepuna organskim hranjivim dodacima, koje ispušta riba, koji služe za rast biljaka bez kemijskih dodataka . 

 

Sve vrste salate, crveni i bijeli luk, bosiljak, paprika i krastavci mogu se uzgajati u sustavu.Ovakav uzgoj je idealan za obiteljsku proizvodnju gdje se na nekoliko ?etvornih metara može posti?i neovisnost od velikih proizvo?a?a i trgova?kih lanaca koji serviraju hranu proizvedenu tisu?ama kilometara od krajnjeg kupca. Recirkulacijskim protokom voda koja se vra?a u bazen s ribama u potpunosti je ?ista i idealna za nesmetan rast ribljih vrsta.

                                                    Svo uzgojeno povr?e Projekta CCRES AQUAPONICS u sezoni 2011/2012

                                                              karitativno je  podjeljeno slabostoje?im hrvatskim obiteljima.

Prednosti su:
- neovisnost
- proizvodnja je mogu?a tijekom cijele godine;
- površina za uzgoj je maksimalno iskorištena;
- nema plodoreda;
- stupanj automatizacije je visok;
- biljkama se dodaju organska hranjiva koja su joj potrebna za rast i razvoj u pojedinoj fazi proizvodnje;
- prinosi su znatno ve?i od uzgoja u tlu, kao i razdoblje plodonošenja;
- potrošnja vode, hranjivih tvari i sredstava za zaštitu bilja svedena je na minimum;
- smanjeno je one?iš?enje okoliša;
- smanjena je pojava bolesti i štetnika;
- proizvodnja je mogu?a na površinama gdje nije mogu? uzgoj u tlu zbog primjerice velike one?iš?enosti, zaslanjenosti, kiselosti tla i sl. ;
- manje ljudskog rada pri obradi, kultivaciji, dezinfekciji i sl.
- nusprodukt su ribe koje se uzgajaju do konzumne veli?ine.

                                                   Svo uzgojeno povr?e Projekta CCRES AQUAPONICS u sezoni 2011/2012

                                                              karitativno je  podjeljeno slabostoje?im hrvatskim obiteljima.

  Ovo su bile kratke crtice o projektu CCRES AQUAPONICS, namjenjene isklju?ivo kao informacija.Mišljenja smo da bi ovaj projekt mogao biti pozdravljen od ljudi kojima je dosta pla?anja visokih cijena svih vrsta salata i ribe.Samo pokretanje i proizvodnja idealna su kao hobi za uzgoj u dvorištu iza ku?e, garaži, podrumu ili malom plasteniku.

                                       Svo uzgojeno povr?e Projekta CCRES AQUAPONICS u sezoni 2011/2012

                                                              karitativno je  podjeljeno slabostoje?im hrvatskim obiteljima.

Naravno da bi ovakav uzgoj mogao pro?i i u intezivnoj proizvodnji.
Na površini od 1 ha mogu?e je proizvesti otprilike 30 000 biljaka raj?ice sa prinosom od oko 400 t/ha, da ne govorim o uzgoju salata koje bi se "brale" svakih 20-tak dana ,što predstavlja puno ve?i prinos u odnosu na uzgoj u tlu na otvorenoj površini. Ovakva proizvodnja predstavlja najintenzivni oblik poljoprivrede, koji sa svojim brojnim prednostima može u potpunosti ispuniti zahtjeve potroša?a za kvalitetnim proizvodom, te proizvo?a?u osigurati dobar posao.

                                       Svo uzgojeno povr?e Projekta CCRES AQUAPONICS u sezoni 2011/2012

                                                              karitativno je  podjeljeno slabostoje?im hrvatskim obiteljima.

Više informacija o Projektu CCRES AQUAPONICS na :
http://ccresaquaponics.yolasite.com/

Za sve dodatne informacije slobodno nas kontaktirajte.

HRVATSKI CENTAR OBNOVLJIVIH IZVORA ENERGIJE (HCOIE)

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Safe and affordable seafood products

CCRES AQUAPONICS

Aquaculture produces safe,high-quality food

Just as with wild-caught fish, farmed seafood represents an excellent source of nutrients important for human health. There is hard evidence that regular consumption of fish lowers the risk of coronary heart diseases because of high concentrations of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids. Other important nutrients in farmed fish are vitamins A and D for maintaining healthy bones, eyes and skin. Farmed fish is also a rich source for iodine, important for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, and selenium, which is an important anti-oxidant.

How rich is farmed finfish?

Because farmed fish and shellfish are produced under controlled conditions, it is possible to maintain the highest quality standards from the egg to the plate. In the same way that business processes may be certified to meet standards (e.g. ISO), aquaculture production also has certification schemes. They are increasingly supported by various codes (of conduct and of good practice), developed at national and European levels.
Production of fish and shellfish on farms allows for consistent and even enhanced levels of the elements in seafood that do us good. For example, the level and balance of omega fatty acids, vitamins and minerals such as iodine and selenium can all be influenced through specially designed fish feeds.
What are the health benefits of seafood?
Much of the importance of fish in health has come from research into long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n-3 family. Other abbreviations used are omega-3 and n-3 fats. Fish is a rich source of two important PUFA: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). PUFA are present in both wild and farmed fish. DHA and EPA are found in abundance in the flesh of oil-rich fish but they are also present in lean fish.
The effect of PUFA on coronary heart disease has been extensively studied. The human body cannot make PUFA. There is strong evidence from many scientific studies that PUFAs from fish play a major role in protection against heart disease. PUFAs may also help prevent other illnesses, such as arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, some types of cancer and asthma. Extensive research to confirm these relationships is ongoing.
How much seafood should we eat?
Different values exist in the scientific literature for what is the “ideal” daily or weekly intake of EPA and DHA for human health. Government advice varies considerably between countries. However, as a general rule, a healthy diet is generally assumed to include 1-2 fish per week, especially fatty fish.
The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL) suggests an uptake of 500 mg of EPA + DHA per day or 3.5 g per week provides enhanced cardiac health in adults.
In its 2004 report “Advice on Fish Consumption – Benefits and Risks”, the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) concluded that the majority of the UK population does not consume enough fish, particularly oily fish, and should be encouraged to increase consumption. The Inter-Committee Subgroup endorsed the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA) 1994 population guideline recommendation that people should eat at least two portions of fish a week, of which one should be oily. Consumption of this amount would probably confer significant public health benefits to the UK population in terms of reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and may also have beneficial effects on foetal development.
Current advice from the UK Food Standards Agency suggests a weekly intake of up to four 140g portions of oily fish for men, boys and women over reproductive age, with the caveat that girls and women of reproductive age should only consume two portions of oily fish per week2.
Safe seafood products
Because it is a controlled food production process, fish farming can include safeguards to protect its product from contamination. Ironically, the main source of contaminants in farmed fish (such as trace amounts of dioxins, PCBs and mercury) is fish feed composed of wild fish. However, because this food can be sampled and analysed prior to feeding, maximum limits of contaminants in fishmeal and fish oil used in aquaculture have been established by international law.
Data from the official controls of the fish feed ingredients and analysis of the farmed fish itself are available for consumers, authorities and industry alike.
Strategies to minimise contamination of farmed fish by way of feed derived from the wild are in place and can include; careful selection of the fish oil source, purification of fish oil prior to its inclusion in fish feed, and partial replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils.
A number of factors have combined to make us more aware than ever of the safety of food. Firstly, increasingly accurate measuring techniques allow us to detect even the lowest levels of contaminants. Secondly, increasing media focus on food safety has highlighted issues such as BSE, dioxins and salmonella, and ‘food scares’ have become regular features of news broadcasts. For food to be acceptable, it must be proven to be safe to eat.
Food safety standards have been developed giving clinically proven safe levels of food constituents that may at higher levels provide a risk to health.
Contaminants and health risks

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

Contaminants in fish derive predominantly from their diet. Whilst it is not possible to control the diet of wild fish, the levels of contaminants and some nutrients in farmed fish may be modified by altering their feed.
Strict EU regulations (e.g. Directive2002/32/EC) and controls by food
safety authorities ensure that contaminants are kept well below dangerous
levels in farmed fish. Emerging technologies allow fish feed producers to
purify fish meal and oil before it is incorporated in the feed.
The retention of dietary mercury by fish is dependent on dietary concentration and the duration of exposure to the contaminant. Methylmercury (the toxic form of mercury in fish) is present in higher amounts in large predatory fish such as swordfish and tuna. High consumers of such top predatory species, such as pike or tuna (especially fresh or frozen bluefin or albacore tuna), may exceed the provisionally tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of methylmercury.
The greatest susceptibility to the critical contaminants (methylmercury and the dioxin-like compounds) occurs during early human development. For a developing human foetus, this means that the risk comes from the amount of these compounds in the mother’s body.
Furthermore, EU maximum limits exist for a range of contaminants in food such as dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs, mercury, lead, cadmium and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (the maximum level is for one PAH, BaP). These limits include food of farm origin and other foods such as fish from capture fisheries.
Monitoring programmes exist to document the levels of contaminants in wild and farmed fish to fulfil a need for independent data for consumers, food authorities, fisheries authorities, industry and markets.
Traceability
As in land farming, fish farming benefits from traceability technologies to monitor and follow the production cycle through its entirety. While traceability itself is not a guarantee of safety, it is essential in pinpointing problems, should they occur, throughout the whole production chain. This is not just limited to producers, but encompasses their suppliers, processors and distributors. Such “full chain traceability” is most effective when all links in the chain have the same principles and use the same (or at least compatible) tools.
In 2002, an EU-funded concerted action initiative called “TraceFish” (www.tracefish.org) produced three consensusbased standards for the recording and exchange of traceability information in the seafood chains.
One of these is a standard for farmed fish. The basic element in the system is a unique identification number to be placed on each lot of products in such a way that traceability can be transmitted electronically. The system is voluntary.
Traceability tools are being continuously improved and are major monitoring components of various labelling and certification schemes for aquaculture products.
An example of this is the TRACE initiative (www.trace.eu) that is using 5 case studies in food to improve traceability parameters and measure food authenticity. This last point has specific interest for fish products and TRACE is developing generic low cost analytical tools for use in the traceability infrastructure that verify geographical origin, production origin and species origin.
Affordable seafood products
As fish species become scarcer in the oceans, they will become less affordable to consumers.
All of the approximately thirty species of fish in European aquaculture production have shown a decrease in farm gate price as their production volume has increased, while improvements in production techniques have resulted in ever-increasing quality.

Figure 5: EU production and price trends – for several aquaculture species produced in Europe.
Data from FAO FishStat 2006. Note prices in US Dollars.

Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout are almost exclusively farmed. They are now comparable in price to land farmed produce such as chicken and pork.
The availability of ‘new’ farmed species (sea bass, sea bream, cod, sole, scallops, octopus etc.) has the potential to provide this increase in affordability to all consumers.
Quality of life of aquatic animals
Health

Medicine and chemical residues are tightly regulated

Infectious diseases are encountered in all food production. Fish and shellfish may be more under threat from disease than land animals or plants because germs survive longer and can spread more effectively in water. The rapid identification and treatment of bacterial and viral infection is therefore crucial in aquaculture. While best management practice remains the preferred option for producers, the use of therapeutic agents may sometimes be necessary.
National and international regulations have been implemented to approve veterinary medicines that do not compromise food safety. An example of this is the so-called ‘withdrawal period’, defined as the minimum time to elapse between termination of the treatment and harvest of the animal. Withdrawal periods are specific for each drug and each utilisation of that drug, for example to treat bacterial disease.
It is important to note that the use of veterinary medicines such as antibiotics has greatly decreased in many types of aquaculture. For example, in Norway the use of antibiotics in salmon and trout farming has been negligible for the last 10 years due to the use of better vaccines. In 2004, Norway produced 23 times more salmon and trout than in 1985; in the same period, the use of antibiotics dropped by a factor of 25.

Figure 6: Antibiotics used in Norwegian farming of trout and salmon 1980-2004.

Science may provide the key to control sea lice

The principal challenges in aquaculture are now related to viruses and parasites. For example, “sea lice” threaten farmed salmon in temperate waters. However, non-medicinal and environmentally friendly lice treatments are being developed. In Norway, for example, wrasse, another fish, is used to eat the lice from infected salmon.
With the adoption of tighter laws and regulations, and with the difficulties of drug companies registering new treatments for aquaculture, the availability of medicines to treat aquaculture species becomes increasingly unsure. More and more, research is therefore turning towards prophylaxis as a solution.
Parasites are common in wild fish, too
Parasites are not unique to farmed fish, but in the wild they obviously go untreated. Parasites fall into two main groups – ectoparasites, which affect the skin and external organs, and endoparasites, which invade the body and attack the musculature and internal organs.
Ectoparasites include several types of sea lice, crablike creatures that eat the skin and flesh of the fish. If left untreated, they will cause considerable suffering to the fish and open wounds on the skin of the fish that may become sites for disease.
Endoparasites include nematode worms that enter the body of the fish through the mouth, infest the gut and can then burrow into the flesh of the fish. As well as reducing the fish’s ability to regulate the amount of salt in its body by perforating the gut membrane, they also reduce the saleability of the flesh, since fish infested with nematode parasites are not saleable for human consumption.
As on land-based farms, when animals are held at higher densities parasites can infect a stock relatively rapidly. Because unhealthy fish mean substantial loss to the farmer, however, it is uncommon in modern fish farms to find harmful burdens of parasites. Outbreaks are controlled by modern farming practices and the use of medicines that authorities have deemed safe to the fish, to consumers and to the environment.
(1) Simopoulos, A.P. “Essential Fatty Acids in Health and Chronic Disease”. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71 (suppl): 5065-95.
CCRES AQUAPONICS
part of NGO
Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources (CCRES)

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How Do I Get Started in Aquaculture

CCRES AQUAPONICS

           

As part of our aquaculture initiative, the Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources (CCRES) has started the CCRES aquaponics  program. This Web site is part of that program. We have attempted to include as much information as possible for beginning and experienced fish farmers. While the information compiled here is not all-inclusive, we have tried to be as thorough as possible, covering all the various types of aquaculture relevant to Croatia. If you would like to submit any information for our Web site, please contact us.

Specal thanks to :
Indiana Soybean Alliance
5730 W 74th Street
Indianapolis, IN 46278
1-800-735-0195
for giving us great source of informations.

How Do I Get Started in Aquaculture?   

The most important activity anyone considering fish farming should conduct is developing and writing a business plan.

Here are some of the basic steps.

Business Planning    

Writing a business plan is the single most important step a farmer can take when determining if aquaculture is something they want to explore as a viable economic investment. A well-developed business plan will cover all aspects of an aquaculture business, from species and production systems, to economics and marketing. Failing to complete a business plan is one of the primary reasons for business failure!

Feed Management   

Feed management, from buying the correct feed and proper feeding rates to properly storing feed, is essential to managing fish health and growth. Excellent feed managers not only save money by not wasting feed, they also optimize production potential on their farms. Every farm will likely have a different feed management strategy as production criteria like feeding rates and growth rates will be impacted by species selection, production system, environmental conditions, among other things. Proper feed management should be implemented as part of an overall best management practices plan.

Financing      

Aquaculture in Croatia doesn’t have a well-established track record like other forms of agriculture, so acquiring funds and insurance from traditional farm sources can be difficult.  Lenders and insurers will want to see a well-developed business plan with income and cash flow statements before they consider funding/insuring an aquaculture operation.  They may also want to see a best management practices plan.  Please visit the other sections to get more information covering these and other topics.


Economics

          
Filling out financial statements is one of the critical steps in developing a viable business plan. The following spreadsheets were developed to help new producers manage a business venture in aquaculture. There are different spreadsheets available depending on production system: Recirculating (RAS), pond or cage. There are examples provided as well, but these should only be used as a guide as many of the numbers will vary depending on your business specifics. The following material can be used to help plan and build a successful business in aquaculture.


Fish Health
          
Animal health is perhaps more of a challenge in aquaculture than any other type of livestock agriculture. There are very few veterinarians actively involved in fish health, thus it is often difficult for fish producers to obtain veterinary services. There are also few approved drugs available to treat sick fish. For these reasons, it is critical for fish farmers to implement a best management practices (BMP) plan that encourages fish health. The most common cause of fish disease is stress, and a well-developed BMP will help farmers minimize stress to their livestock.

Marketing
          
As with most specialty and niche crops, fish farmers in Croatia typically have to market their own product. This can be done in a variety of ways from local farmers markets and restaurants, to ethnic markets and restaurants in large metropolitan cities. Farmers should always have more than one market identified for their fish to be sure that they will always be able to sell product. This is especially critical for farmers who want to acquire funds from traditional agricultural lenders. Another option is for a group of farmers to start a marketing cooperative that can allow them to enter larger markets that would not be open to individual farmers because of the smaller scale of their business.


Production Systems

More information about specific production systems :

Cage Systems           

Cage farming is simply raising fish in a large, submerged cage that can be used in a pond that otherwise might not be ideal for farming. An ideal location for a cage production farm would be in a pond/private lake that is too large for traditional pond aquaculture or is unsuitable for another reason (perhaps it is too deep, or cannot be drained). Cages can be floated throughout the pond and accessed either via a dock or boat.

160fs - What is Cage Culture.pdf
161fs - Cage Site Selection Water Quality.pdf
162fs - Cage Construction Placement Aeration.pdf
163fs - Cage Species Suitable.pdf
164fs - Cage Handling and Feeding.pdf
165fs - Cage Problems.pdf
166fs - Cage Harvesting Economics.pdf
281fs - Cage Tilapia.pdf
FA04800 - Cage Management.pdf
tb110-CageCultureNCR.pdf


Larval Feed
          
Feeding larval fish can be difficult and depending on the species of fish, commercially formulated diets might not be available. Many fish farmers rely on feeding live feed to their larval fish until they are big enough to start eating formulated feeds. Farmers can rely on the natural productivity of ponds to grow their live feed, or they can utilize indoor production systems. These production systems are often smaller and specialized for raising small, often microscopic, live feed organisms.

701fs - Larval Feed.pdf
702fs - Artemia.pdf



Pond Systems           

Pond aquaculture is the most traditional type of aquaculture in the world. It has been producing fish in Asia and Africa for thousands of years. Most of the available fish farming information is based on pond aquaculture.

100fs - Levee Pond Site Selection.pdf
101fs - Levee Pond Construction.pdf
102fs - Watershed Pond Site Selection.pdf
103fs - Calculating Area Volume.pdf
280fs Pond Tilapia.pdf
395fs - Pond Inventory Assessment.pdf
460fs - Pond Clay Turbidity.pdf
462fs - Pond Nitrite.pdf
463fs - Pond Ammonia.pdf
464fs - Pond Water Quality Considerations.pdf
466fs - Pond Algae Blooms.pdf
468fs - Pond Carbon Dioxide.pdf
469fs - Fertilizing Fry Ponds.pdf
470fs - Pond Effluents.pdf
471fs - Pond Fertilization.pdf
700fs - Pond Zooplankton Larval Feed.pdf
Aquatic Weed Control in Ponds.pdf
FA00800 - Pond Copper Use.pdf
FA02100 - Pond Aeration.pdf
FA02800 - Pond Lime Use.pdf
FA03200 Pond Potassium Permanganate.pdf
PONDS.pdf
TB114 - Plankton Management.pdf
wrac-104 - Pond Fertilization.pdf
wrac-106 - Settling Basin.pdf




Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
          
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are the newest form of fish farming production system. RAS are typically an indoor system that allows for farmers to control environmental conditions year round. While the costs associated with constructing a RAS are typically higher than either pond or cage culture, if the system is managed properly to produce fish on a year round basis, the economic returns can make it worth the increased investment. RAS are the most complex aquaculture systems and beginners should plan on making a significant time commitment to learning how to operate a system.

103fs - Calculating Area Volume.pdf
451fs - RAS Critical Considerations.pdf
452fs - RAS Management.pdf
453fs - RAS Component Options.pdf
455fs - RAS Pond Systems.pdf
456fs - RAS Economic Spreadsheet.pdf
AA21200 - Energy Costs.pdf
FA05000 - RAS Principles.pdf
facts5 - RAS Prudence Pays.pdf



Barn Conversion
          
There has been a lot of interest in converting livestock buildings to fish production. While a “model” has yet to be developed, the material below has been presented at several different workshops focusing on converting livestock barns to aquaculture.

Barn Conversions for Aquaculture 3-8-07.asx
Chuck-IPVideoWorkshop.pdf
Hicks-Workshop.ppt
hogbarn.ppt
Laura-HogbarnWorkshop.pdf
Shawn-BarnConversion.pdf

 CCRES AQUAPONICS

part of
CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (CCRES)

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Fish Farming Pond systems

CCRES AQUAPONICS






An overview of fish farming pond systems.


CCRES AQUAPONICS

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